Everything about Tienne De Vesc totally explained
Étienne de Vesc (ca 1445 —
6 October 1501), was a courtier of
Louis XI of France and a formative influence on
Charles VIII, whom he strongly encouraged in the French adventure into Italy in the
First Italian War, 1494-95. Charles had inherited on the death of Louis XI in 1483, but he was a lad of thirteen, and incapable of governing. Until 1492 he abandoned the government to his sister,
Anne de Beaujeu, whom de Vesc encouraged the young king to throw aside.
Étienne de Vesc's forbears originated in
Provence, appearing since the eleventh century, as modest seigneurs of Comps, Dieulefit, Béconne, Montjoux and Espeluche, with some experience in the
Crusades; the chronicler
Philippe de Commines, an enemy of Vesc, belittled his background. He spent his youth in the
Dauphiné, not part of France until 1486, finishing a courtly training in the household of the Dauphin at Plessis-les-Tours, where he served as
valet de chambre from the age of seventeen, about 1462. In 1470, Louis XI, looking for persons who would prove
affidés et sûrs made Vesc the governor of the household at
Amboise of Charles, the future Charles VIII, who remained attached to Vesc and to the château d'Amboise the rest of his life. The education he provided his young charge was largely derived from fanciful
romans courtois the
romances of chivalry; his services to the King included some embassies, as far away as Spain. In 1475 he took a wife, from a rich family of bourgheois background, whose late father had been an
avocat au parlement de Paris and whose mother had remarried into a family of
goldsmiths.
His devoted attendance during a long illness of the young prince and other services were well rewarded by Louis, and he took part in the dauphin's wedding, July 1483. After his attendance at the king's deathbed later that year, Vesc was a member of the council of regency. Among his duties was an embassy to
Avignon to diplomatically check the ambitions of the Cardinal Legate Giulio Della Rovere, nephew of the late
Pope Sixtus IV.
In the entourage of Charles, Vesc had doiubtless made the acquaintance of Jean II de Châlons, prince of Orange, seigneur de Caromb, which Vesc purchased in 1484 for the very considerable sum of 10,000
livres and made into an important center of the
Comtat Venaissin, which remained a papal
enclave within France until 1792.
Pope Innocent VIII confirmed his rights as seigneur in what was papal territory in 1489, and Vesc constructed a grand château, completed in 1486. In addition to the outright purchase, Jean de Châlons granted him fiefs as well, securing part of Vesc's allegiance as his
vassal. Vesc scarcely had time to reside in his château; he was appointed
sénéchal of
Carcassonne, then of Beaucaire and Nîmes, largest in extent in France, positions of great importance.
In the Italian campaign
The extinction of the House of Anjou in the person of René, count of an independent Provence and King of Naples (1480) rendered Charles VIII the heir to Angevin titles to the Kingdom of Naples. According to Commines' chronicle, Étienne de Vesc was among the most ardent proponents of a chivalrous adventure to recapture the rights of the King of France to Naples, and to gain some duchies in the south, pressed by his own ambition, thirsty for grandeur and titles. Commines reflected on Vesc's naivety in matters of war. The preliminary arrangements for the entry into Italy were in Vesc's hands.
The entry was a promenade, Turin and Asti welcomed the French; Milan was theirs; Piero de' Medici opened the gates of Florence, 17 November: a few days later Charles declared that he was the very champion of Religion against the Turks. Alexander VI had cooled to the too-triumphant French; it was Vesc the diplomat who arranged for safe passage for French forces across the Papal States, and even for some strongholds left in French hands to assure their safe return passage: the treaty was signed on 15 January. Welcomed as they proceeded, the French troops were in
Naples by 19 February, and Charles was able to make his triumphant entry three days later, Alphonso having fled, abdicating his crown to his son. Invested with territories, including the duchy of
Nola and made chamberlain, put in charge of the kingdom's finances, Vesc was also in charge of the fortress of
Gaeta, commanding a major port. After arranging some festive jousts, the king decided to return to France in April 1495, his Neapolitan kingdom securely won, leaving a small occupation force under
Louis II, Count of Montpensier as viceroy, but taking the major force to face the league that was assemblinmg against him in the north. No sooner had the court left, on 20 May, than the Neapolitan populace was up in arms, the experience of a rapacious, ill-paid occupying army loosely organized under captains having proved more onerous than expected. A revolt at Gaeta also had to be repressed. When Ferdinand disembarked once more at Naples, with nine galleys and some thirty Spanish
caravels, he was welcomed by the Neapolitans: Vesc on 6 July had scarcely time to shut himself up in the Castello Nuovo: Charles, at the
battle of Fornovo the same day, was forced to abandon his rich baggage train laden with booty from Naples and return to France. Expected reinforcements never arrived in Naples. Vesc, with the viceroy M. de Montpensier and the rest of the French who remained, embarked in a small flotilla laden with booty and artillery for
Salerno, 25 October, leaving Naples to the Neapolitans and Ferdinand.
in March 1496 he was sent back to France to organize rescue efforts, loading the contents of a warehouse of
butin sacré et profane. In May he was once again with the young king, who was already planning a return engagement. Vesc was reimbursed for his expenses defending Gaeta and placed in charge of sending required materials to the garrisons, who were being forced out of one fortress after another in the Kingdom of Naples. But finally Gaeta, the last french toehold in the Regno, capitulated, 19 November 1497, and the last of the expedition was over, an expense of two and a half million francs.
Vesc continued to be enthusiastic about a return to Italy, but the royal council was against it. In February 1498 a treaty reassigned Naples to the Aragonese.
In April the King was dead, unexpectedly, at his beloved Amboise.
Under Louis XII, 1498-1501
Étienne de Vesc was retained in his posts of
concierge du Palais and
Sénéchal of Beaucaire by
Louis XII. In September Vesc was charged with negotiations with
Venice, and he contributed a fully-fitted-out
galleasse for Louis XII's brief expedition to Naples.
(
text to come)
His magnificent
late Gothic tomb is to be found in the church of Caromb,
Drôme. Louis Chazaly,
Étienne de Vesc (1988) is a
historical novel loosely based on the events of his life, which imagines his court career as based on being the natural son of the Dauphin, the future Louis XI, a suggestion not supported by his
coat-of-arms.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Tienne De Vesc'.
|
External Link Exchanges
Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:
<a href="http://__tienne_de_vesc.totallyexplained.com">Étienne de Vesc Totally Explained</a>
Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned. |
